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The best time to open an RESP is as early as possible, ideally shortly after your child is born. Starting early gives your investments more time to grow through compound interest and allows you to maximize government grants over time.
Contributing $2,500 per year will qualify you for the maximum annual Canada Education Savings Grant (CESG) of $500. To maximize the lifetime grant of $7,200, you need to contribute a total of $36,000 over the years. This works out to about $208 per month from birth to age 17, but you can contribute at any pace that works for your budget.
You have several options: transfer the funds to another child's RESP, withdraw your original contributions tax-free, roll investment earnings into your RRSP (within limits), or take the earnings as income (subject to tax and penalties). Government grants must be returned, but you never lose your own contributions.
Waiting too long to open an RESP: Every year you wait is free grant money left on the table. Even small contributions in early years make a difference.